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Joint ventureA joint venture is an entity formed between two or more parties to undertake economic activity together. The parties were agreed to by both contributing equity, and then share in the revenues, costs, and corporate control. This company can only be for special projects, or ongoing business relationship as a joint venture SonyEricsson. This reversed the alliance strategy, which involves no equity stake by the participants, and its structure is less difficult.
This phrase generally refers to the purpose of the group and not the type of group. Then, a joint venture can be a body corporate, partnership, LLC, or other official structures, depending on the number of considerations such as tax liability and losses.
Use
A joint venture is common in oil and gas industry, and often a body hukumantara local and foreign companies (about 3 / 4 international). A joint venture is often seen as an alternative business that is very able to walk and hold in this sector, because companies can improve skills while supplies company offers geographic presence in foreign companies. Various studies indicate 30-61% failure rate, and 60% failed to start or gradually dissolved in 5 years. (Osborn, 2003) is also known that joint ventures in low growth countries are showing great instability, and a joint venture involving government partners have most likely to fail (a private company appears to be more equipped to support the essential skills, marketing networks, etc.).
Some countries, such as the People's Republic of China and India further, require foreign companies to form joint ventures with domestic companies to enter the market. These requirements often encourage technology transfer and control managers to domestic partners.
Most of the joint venture failed in Asia because of cultural differences, like the case of the alliance between Renault, the French car company, and Nissan. A joint venture failed due to a number of reasons, including lack of communication and power distribution antarmanajemen.
The reason for the formation of
Internal reasons
1. Building a power company
2. Spreading costs and risks
3. Increase access to financial resources
4. Economy of scale and gain strength
5. Access to technology and new customers
6. Access to innovative practice manager
The purpose of competition
1. Influencing structural evolution of industry
2. Competition prior to completion
3. Defensive response to eliminate the boundaries of the industry
4. Creation units strong competition
5. The speed of market
6. Adding agility
The purpose of the strategy
1. Synergy
2. Transfer of technology / skills
3. Diversification
Examples
* One1mobile between One1 and Netalizer
* AutoAlliance International between Ford Motor Company and Mazda
* Brewers Retail Inc.. between Inbev, Molson Coors and Sapporo Breweries
* Cingular between SBC (now AT & T Inc.) And BellSouth
* Bank DnB NORD between DnB NOR and NORD / LB.
* Equilon between Texaco and Royal Dutch Shell
* Strategic Alliance between Northwest Airlines and KLM Royal Dutch Airlines
* LG.Philips Components between LG Group and Royal Philips Electronics
* NUMMI between General Motors and Toyota
* Penske Truck Leasing between GE and Penske Corporation
* Sony Ericsson between Sony and Ericsson
* TNK-BP between BP and TNK (Tyumen Oil Co..)
* Verizon Wireless between Verizon Communications and Vodafone
* CW Television Network between CBS Corporation and Time Warner
* The Baseball Network between ABC, NBC, and Major League Baseball
* Prime Time Entertainment Network from the Prime Time Consortium, a joint venture between Warner Bros.. Domestic Television and Chris-Craft group of independent stations.
* XFL between NBC and World Wrestling Entertainment
* Nokia Siemens Networks between Nokia and Siemens AG
* Balfour Beatty Skanska JV between construction contractors Balfour Beatty and Skanska
* Shell-Mex and BP between Royal Dutch Shell and British Petroleum (1931-1975)
Franchising
Franchise or franchise in the world trading system is one which is considered very beneficial. It has been proved by many companies both national companies and companies of international caliber.
Carrying the name of Mc Donald and Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC), is an example of an international company that has proven its success by using the franchise system.
These companies are not only able to expand country of origin even able to spread their wings to circumnavigating dunia.Termasuk also in Indonesia.
Although this system is very effective but not too many Indonesian companies that take advantage of franchise opportunities. This is caused by a lack of knowledge of employers against the franchise system.
Whereas in developed countries like America, this system is the backbone of its economy. If the system has been popular in the community in Indonesia, it is not impossible that businesses run by entrepreneurs will quickly develop properly.
Just some Indonesian businessmen who take advantage of franchise opportunities. Among others, Es Teler 77, Rudy Hadisuwarno etc.
Through this franchise Es Teller 77 managed to expand its business not only in the city of Jakarta but has spread to kepelosok homeland.
Another advantage of the franchise system is a business that is run will quickly develop. Because with more and more companies are using the franchise means that business will be run quickly known to the public.
And people can also easily obtain the desired product, because in every place there are products with standard quality and presentation of the same.
Cheap Campaign Costs.
Another advantage is quite prominent from franchase system is a cost that is relatively very cheap promotion. Imagine all advertising is to advertise all franchase or branches located throughout Indonesia.
Each franchise does not need to think about advertising. All ads have been designed by a parent company which are all standard. If the cost incurred by the parent company divided by the number of existing branches of advertising costs incurred will be relatively very cheap.
Moreover, the number of franchises that have more and more, of course the cost of advertising will be more expensive and the results would be very effective. For companies to be also relatively highly profitable franchise.
Just imagine the new company will quickly become a branch known by the public. This is caused by a system which requires that every franchise has the same standard with the parent company.
Everything in the company there is also the parent company in each branch, although still relatively new. Standards provided by the parent company not only comes to food but also about the service system.
Thus the company became a franchise does not take long to wait for the company known by the public. Society will not hesitate to enter into any franchise belonging to the company, because it actually has a guarantee from its parent company.
Conditions like these that make the franchise system will rapidly expand. Not only is the holding company that will develop, but companies that follow the system franchisepun berkembang.tetapi join a company that followed the franchise system also reap.
And no wonder if there is one entrepreneur in a relatively short time was able to grow and develop into a big thanks to the franchise system. And do not be surprised if Mc Donald and KFC in a relatively short time has been popular in the community in Indonesia, particularly the big city.
Franchise system is not only suitable for businesses such as restaurants or food which is known. Another attempt was actually still a lot of matches run with this system.
Franchise system (use of famous brand) is basically one of market expansion method or system that performed by the companies that have steady, well-established and has a name. Management and stable level of profitability so that it can provide mutual benefits between parent companies and companies that cooperate with the franchise system.
Basically, a local company who take a foreign franchise must pay a fee within a certain amount of a relatively small number compared to the benefits that we get for example the transfer of technology, developing human resources to match their quality standards, suppliers are mostly local businessmen also raised etc..
2. An executive should have 3 types of knowledge:
a. Methods of knowledge: useful for solving problems of a technical nature of the company.
b. Realities knowledge: useful to overcome the problems or issues that are well developed and dieksternal diinternal.
c. Knowledge Goals: useful to keep in achieving company goals despite experiencing problems and constraints
Methods Knowledge
In their work there are times where managers have difficulties in production, data collection and the field device.For overcome this need to look for solutions that the source of books, literature or other sources.
That most of the emphasis on how to solve problems of a technical nature. With knowledge of the above guidelines, he was able to overcome the problems faced today.
Although the methods of knowledge is important not to waste too much time to this area because it is not the only one that must be considered.
Knowledge Realities
The fact is happening is very important to be understood by a manager. Therefore necessary carefulness in handling the situation.
In internal company such as: Are employees satisfied with the working system established? Does the product price increase still allows salesmen to reach the target? In an external company such as: Are consumer tastes this year are still the same with the taste of last year? How is consumer interest towards the company's new product? How society views on the company?
By conducting the environmental approach to understand the reality that there is a manager finally able to read the minds of the people involved with his work both employees and consumers.
The most positive thing when a manager is able to predict and anticipate things that might happen at the following times.
Knowledge Goal
Managers need to understand the vision and mission to make policy or take a stand still lead to the achievement of company goals.
For example, a manager noticed that employees work under pressure because of work rules are too strict and authoritarian supervision. As a result employees feel scared (the reality of knowledge). Finally the manager to change the work rules, so that employees give tolerance to carry out their work (goals knowledge).
Thus, although the external situation occurs gonjang ganjing a manager must always keep the continuity of the operation with the methods of knowledge, must have knowledge of reality and knowledge mengupayaan goals for corporate sustainability can be maintained.
This phrase generally refers to the purpose of the group and not the type of group. Then, a joint venture can be a body corporate, partnership, LLC, or other official structures, depending on the number of considerations such as tax liability and losses.
Use
A joint venture is common in oil and gas industry, and often a body hukumantara local and foreign companies (about 3 / 4 international). A joint venture is often seen as an alternative business that is very able to walk and hold in this sector, because companies can improve skills while supplies company offers geographic presence in foreign companies. Various studies indicate 30-61% failure rate, and 60% failed to start or gradually dissolved in 5 years. (Osborn, 2003) is also known that joint ventures in low growth countries are showing great instability, and a joint venture involving government partners have most likely to fail (a private company appears to be more equipped to support the essential skills, marketing networks, etc.).
Some countries, such as the People's Republic of China and India further, require foreign companies to form joint ventures with domestic companies to enter the market. These requirements often encourage technology transfer and control managers to domestic partners.
Most of the joint venture failed in Asia because of cultural differences, like the case of the alliance between Renault, the French car company, and Nissan. A joint venture failed due to a number of reasons, including lack of communication and power distribution antarmanajemen.
The reason for the formation of
Internal reasons
1. Building a power company
2. Spreading costs and risks
3. Increase access to financial resources
4. Economy of scale and gain strength
5. Access to technology and new customers
6. Access to innovative practice manager
The purpose of competition
1. Influencing structural evolution of industry
2. Competition prior to completion
3. Defensive response to eliminate the boundaries of the industry
4. Creation units strong competition
5. The speed of market
6. Adding agility
The purpose of the strategy
1. Synergy
2. Transfer of technology / skills
3. Diversification
Examples
* One1mobile between One1 and Netalizer
* AutoAlliance International between Ford Motor Company and Mazda
* Brewers Retail Inc.. between Inbev, Molson Coors and Sapporo Breweries
* Cingular between SBC (now AT & T Inc.) And BellSouth
* Bank DnB NORD between DnB NOR and NORD / LB.
* Equilon between Texaco and Royal Dutch Shell
* Strategic Alliance between Northwest Airlines and KLM Royal Dutch Airlines
* LG.Philips Components between LG Group and Royal Philips Electronics
* NUMMI between General Motors and Toyota
* Penske Truck Leasing between GE and Penske Corporation
* Sony Ericsson between Sony and Ericsson
* TNK-BP between BP and TNK (Tyumen Oil Co..)
* Verizon Wireless between Verizon Communications and Vodafone
* CW Television Network between CBS Corporation and Time Warner
* The Baseball Network between ABC, NBC, and Major League Baseball
* Prime Time Entertainment Network from the Prime Time Consortium, a joint venture between Warner Bros.. Domestic Television and Chris-Craft group of independent stations.
* XFL between NBC and World Wrestling Entertainment
* Nokia Siemens Networks between Nokia and Siemens AG
* Balfour Beatty Skanska JV between construction contractors Balfour Beatty and Skanska
* Shell-Mex and BP between Royal Dutch Shell and British Petroleum (1931-1975)
Franchising
Franchise or franchise in the world trading system is one which is considered very beneficial. It has been proved by many companies both national companies and companies of international caliber.
Carrying the name of Mc Donald and Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC), is an example of an international company that has proven its success by using the franchise system.
These companies are not only able to expand country of origin even able to spread their wings to circumnavigating dunia.Termasuk also in Indonesia.
Although this system is very effective but not too many Indonesian companies that take advantage of franchise opportunities. This is caused by a lack of knowledge of employers against the franchise system.
Whereas in developed countries like America, this system is the backbone of its economy. If the system has been popular in the community in Indonesia, it is not impossible that businesses run by entrepreneurs will quickly develop properly.
Just some Indonesian businessmen who take advantage of franchise opportunities. Among others, Es Teler 77, Rudy Hadisuwarno etc.
Through this franchise Es Teller 77 managed to expand its business not only in the city of Jakarta but has spread to kepelosok homeland.
Another advantage of the franchise system is a business that is run will quickly develop. Because with more and more companies are using the franchise means that business will be run quickly known to the public.
And people can also easily obtain the desired product, because in every place there are products with standard quality and presentation of the same.
Cheap Campaign Costs.
Another advantage is quite prominent from franchase system is a cost that is relatively very cheap promotion. Imagine all advertising is to advertise all franchase or branches located throughout Indonesia.
Each franchise does not need to think about advertising. All ads have been designed by a parent company which are all standard. If the cost incurred by the parent company divided by the number of existing branches of advertising costs incurred will be relatively very cheap.
Moreover, the number of franchises that have more and more, of course the cost of advertising will be more expensive and the results would be very effective. For companies to be also relatively highly profitable franchise.
Just imagine the new company will quickly become a branch known by the public. This is caused by a system which requires that every franchise has the same standard with the parent company.
Everything in the company there is also the parent company in each branch, although still relatively new. Standards provided by the parent company not only comes to food but also about the service system.
Thus the company became a franchise does not take long to wait for the company known by the public. Society will not hesitate to enter into any franchise belonging to the company, because it actually has a guarantee from its parent company.
Conditions like these that make the franchise system will rapidly expand. Not only is the holding company that will develop, but companies that follow the system franchisepun berkembang.tetapi join a company that followed the franchise system also reap.
And no wonder if there is one entrepreneur in a relatively short time was able to grow and develop into a big thanks to the franchise system. And do not be surprised if Mc Donald and KFC in a relatively short time has been popular in the community in Indonesia, particularly the big city.
Franchise system is not only suitable for businesses such as restaurants or food which is known. Another attempt was actually still a lot of matches run with this system.
Franchise system (use of famous brand) is basically one of market expansion method or system that performed by the companies that have steady, well-established and has a name. Management and stable level of profitability so that it can provide mutual benefits between parent companies and companies that cooperate with the franchise system.
Basically, a local company who take a foreign franchise must pay a fee within a certain amount of a relatively small number compared to the benefits that we get for example the transfer of technology, developing human resources to match their quality standards, suppliers are mostly local businessmen also raised etc..
2. An executive should have 3 types of knowledge:
a. Methods of knowledge: useful for solving problems of a technical nature of the company.
b. Realities knowledge: useful to overcome the problems or issues that are well developed and dieksternal diinternal.
c. Knowledge Goals: useful to keep in achieving company goals despite experiencing problems and constraints
Methods Knowledge
In their work there are times where managers have difficulties in production, data collection and the field device.For overcome this need to look for solutions that the source of books, literature or other sources.
That most of the emphasis on how to solve problems of a technical nature. With knowledge of the above guidelines, he was able to overcome the problems faced today.
Although the methods of knowledge is important not to waste too much time to this area because it is not the only one that must be considered.
Knowledge Realities
The fact is happening is very important to be understood by a manager. Therefore necessary carefulness in handling the situation.
In internal company such as: Are employees satisfied with the working system established? Does the product price increase still allows salesmen to reach the target? In an external company such as: Are consumer tastes this year are still the same with the taste of last year? How is consumer interest towards the company's new product? How society views on the company?
By conducting the environmental approach to understand the reality that there is a manager finally able to read the minds of the people involved with his work both employees and consumers.
The most positive thing when a manager is able to predict and anticipate things that might happen at the following times.
Knowledge Goal
Managers need to understand the vision and mission to make policy or take a stand still lead to the achievement of company goals.
For example, a manager noticed that employees work under pressure because of work rules are too strict and authoritarian supervision. As a result employees feel scared (the reality of knowledge). Finally the manager to change the work rules, so that employees give tolerance to carry out their work (goals knowledge).
Thus, although the external situation occurs gonjang ganjing a manager must always keep the continuity of the operation with the methods of knowledge, must have knowledge of reality and knowledge mengupayaan goals for corporate sustainability can be maintained.
